PFAS Regulations Are Here: What Kentucky Utilities Need to Know in 2025

In 2024, the U.S. EPA finalized enforceable drinking water standards for six PFAS compounds, including a Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 4 parts per trillion for PFOA and PFOS. With compliance deadlines set for April 26, 2027, utilities in Kentucky and nationwide are working quickly to prepare.

Kentucky’s Response to PFAS Regulation

The Kentucky Division of Water (DOW) has been proactive in responding to PFAS concerns and preparing public water systems for the federal requirements:

• Statewide Sampling: From 2019 through 2025, DOW has sampled all community water systems. Preliminary results show that fewer than 10% of these systems have PFAS concentrations that may exceed the new MCLs.
• Support for Smaller Systems: Recognizing that many small and non-transient non-community systems aren’t included in the EPA’s UCMR5 monitoring program, the state is helping these systems complete sampling before the end of 2025.
• Federal Funding: Kentucky has received $22 million in federal Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL) funding to help communities address PFAS contamination, and more is likely to come.

How Kentucky Utilities Can Prepare

1. Conduct Sampling: If you haven’t already, begin PFAS testing – especially if you operate a small or rural system not included in federal monitoring.
2. Engage with the State: Work with the DOW to understand your system’s risk profile and determine the next steps for compliance.
3. Plan for Capital Improvements: Begin budgeting and planning now for monitoring and treatment upgrades. Early planning can improve eligibility for state and federal funding.
4. Apply for Funding: Kentucky’s $22 million PFAS allocation can help cover infrastructure improvements. More funding is expected to follow.
5. Educate the Public: Transparency is key. Let customers know what PFAS is, what the utility is doing, and what to expect moving forward.

Our Take

The new PFAS rule marks a major shift in drinking water regulation. Kentucky has laid solid groundwork, but meeting the 2027 compliance deadline requires coordination, funding, and public engagement. Early action now can prevent costly surprises later.

Commonwealth Engineers, Inc. works with Kentucky communities to assess PFAS risks, develop response plans, and identify funding opportunities. If your utility is beginning to plan for PFAS compliance, we’re here to help. Contact Travis Harper, PE, for more information.